Radiotelephony



Oct. 30, 1928. 1,690,010

. w. D. House RADI OTELEPHONY Filed May 2, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 /6 fs @ai w am!! 'Mmmm Oct. 30, 1928. 1,690,010

w. D. HOUSE RAnIoa-ELEPHONY `Filed May 2. 19,25 2 sheets-sheet 2 l" i 776g `Patented Oct. 30, 1928.4 p

UNITED STA-TES,

PATENT OFFICE.

WARREN D. HGUSE, F KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

RADIOTELEPHONY.

V.Application led May 2,

y Myr'invention relates toiimprov'ements in radio` telephony. It provides a novel method of and apparatus for converting radio waves o `lo quires no expense for upkeep kor operation;

and'which can be installed and operated by an unskilled person.

lIt provides further a novel method of and means for using an extraneous power for 1.5 effecting `the conversion to sound waves and Y the subsequent amplification of such sound waves. o e Y My invention contemplates the utilizingof electrolytic actionvbetween two sound producing members, and so controlling the electrolytie relationship between such members by the radio waves, asftoproduce soundwaves l corresponding to such waves. It further lcontemplates the effecting by anl extraneous force of continuous movement between two sound producing members having a rubbing orA dragging relationship which tends to effect vmovement of one from the othelsuch.

` relationship beinv controlled by radio waves,

in a manner suoli `as to convert them with amplified effect into sound waves.

Such rubbing or dragging relationship between the two soun-d producing members may be frictional engagement by direct Contact or interposed means.v Or it may beby polarity relationship through attraction or repul- A sion between the members, eifected by electric or magnetic relationship, power being used for effecting the" rubbing yor dragging relationship, and the action of such power being controlled by the radio waves.

Myin'vention furtherprovides novel means for amplifying thefsound waves either by connecting one of the soundproducingmembers with an amplifying member,such as a diaphragmfsounding board or horn, or by providing one of the sound producing Ymembers with a suflicient area for the purpose.` My invention further provides for connecting one of the rubbingly ordraggingly related 'soundA producing members with the stylus leverv of an ordinary phonograph reproducing sound "boxf land amplifying the sounds therefrom in the usual manner: i It F further contemplates using as the extraneous Pav? .for eiecteg the` dragging relationship 1923. serial ivo. 636,203.

the motor of thephonograph, and the tone arm, sound box and horn ofthe phonograph for amplifying the sound waves, in which eventthe phonograph in addition toits usual functionsV of playing records of the lateral or vertical `cut type, could also serve as aloud talker to operate in conjunction with either crystal or tube radioreceiving sets.

` My invention further provides for utilizing shafts of the phonograph motor having different speeds for respectively playing rec-n i ords and reproducing radio wave transmitted sounds. Y y

` My invention further provides a novelattachment that may be applied t-o any ordinary phonograph for obtaining the required 1 power for converting the radio waves into i amplified sound waves, the attachmentl embodying the sound amplifying means. y

My invention further provides anovel, simple attachment adapted to be applied to the motor of any usual type of phonograph for yobtaining the conversion of .the radio waves,andhaving means by which one ofthe sound producing draggingly related members may be connected with the stylus lever` of the sound box of the phonograph, whereby the sound waves can be amplified inthe tone *army and horn ofthe phonograph, without any alteration of or special provision in the phonograph construction forsuch use. e y

My invention provides further a novel electrolytic member for co-operating with the Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view ofthe pole changer. I

Fig'.6 is an enlarged perspective view of the needle electrode shownin Fig.` l. Fig. `'i' isan enlarged sectional view, of a sound box in connection-with theneedle electrode and `electrolytic block. .A n

Fig. S is a vertical sectional view showing the block holder mounted on the record supporting-shaft of a phonograph motor. A Y Fig. 9 is'a diagram cfa circuit to which on Y los

llo

D aan nrv invention is applied, and which pertains to a tube set'.

Fig. 1t) a diagram olz a crystal set eircnit to which nrv invention applied.

Fig. ll ia a perspective view oli the attaeh nient adapted tor using with an ordinary phonog'raph.y and which uses the inot'or thereof lor ext `ancona power, and which employes Titi the sound box. horn and tone arin thereof for sound amplification.

Figi. 1Q is a vertical section of what i5 :shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 'l-3 an enlarged vertical sectional view ot the ahatt attaching mechanism shown in Fig. l1 and Fie'. li?.

Fig. 1l i5 an enlarged :section on let-tl ot.' Fig. 11.

liie` 15 is an enlarged perspective of the needle electrode lshown in Figs. 1l, and 1Q.

Fig. liti is a perspective view of an attachment ot' niy invention which can be used with ordinanvv phono;r 'apha and derives its extraneous power frein the record snpportinpr shaft thereoii, and which embodies a :sound box and horn.

Fie'. 1T combines an ele 'ation and a diagrammatic view of a modification which eniplovs power operated electro-magnetic means `for converting the radio waves into sound waves.

ltliinilar re terence cha ractera designate Siniilar parts in the different views.

Fina'. l to 3 illnatrat'e a phonograph provided with niv improvement. l. designates` an ordinary phonograph box or case havingr therein a horn 2 connected to an outer tubular bracket 3. which supporta an oscillatable tone arin -l carryingr a sound box 5 adapted in the position shown in solid linea in Fie'. 2 to plav verti 'ally cnt records, and ar anaed`r in an ordinary manner to be swung to the poait'ion shown in dotted lines for playing' latcrall.' cnt records.

Supported in the nsnal inanner on the nnder side ot the lid oil the box t ia an ordina rv lapi-ing inotor (34- which l'or plavinej records and also for providing' extraneous power to convert the radio waves into Sound waves. has a high speed record table snpportinfi ahaft T and a l@lower apeed shalt S 'for snpplvmg power to the radio mechanism to be dieacribed. rl`he Sha'i'ta T and 8 are reared together and to the spring' barrel ofthe inot'or tt in the nSnal niainier.

The niotor (i is provided with the usual governor 9, adapted for external regulation. l

lteniovably inonnted on the kupper end of the shatt S is the tubular lower end ot' the stein l() of the electrolvtic bloei: holder. Fie". l. the lower end ot which has a notch tor reeeiviner a transverse pin 11 in the shalt S. The block holder l0 carries an electrode plate l2, preferably Zinc, on which in mounted the eleetrolytic block 13, preferablyY plaf'iter oit Patria, or other porous Substance, embodyingy an electrolyte, which may be salannnoniac alone. or combined with sodium phoaphate and liichloride oli mercury ahraorhed by the block lil when in solution.

The holder it) has an npwarifllv evtendinpr stein ll. which extends through holesY provided centr-all)v in the plate `t2 and hloch il), and which on itsl threaded upper end hasl inoi nted reinovahlv a nnt ,l5 which bears on the top ot the hlocl; iii; and is pret'eraolv ot' inaterial electriiinegative with relation to the electrolyte and plate i2. auch aa nickel. iron or lnaaa nichel-plated or other :niitalile niatierial. The liositiona ol`1 the electropoaitive and the electroneaative raen'rhers; may be reversed, but; it' is ver)r important that the radio wavesv which paas thronejh the block lil troni one electrode l2 to the needleil electrode lt, adapted to be niounted in the sta-liet ol the stylus level' 't7 of the sound box 5, shall parte. in the proper direction with relation to the electric current paesino cinisstantly between the plate l2 and the, nnt i5. in order to get the loudest comida. The block t3 in itaV heat eondition is: quite dry, it being necerlaary to moisten that portion ot it which 'ai-rief; the ncedie electrode lt' only stdiieiently at times; to provide Sonie. moisturey `l'or :drongl cleetrolvtic action.

The electrode needle lt if; preferably electronegative with reapect to the electrolyte, snch aa nickel or (lcrinan lailver.

For guiding nieans` i'or the electrode lo. the. upper aide oi the bloei; t3 ncrv be provided with concentric Lgrooves ltf in which the hall end otE theI needle electrode travela. when the block 13 is rotated with the sha'lt t. ll the plate l2 is carbon or other electronegative material. the nnt l5 shonld be zinc or other elcctropofsitive niaterial with relation to carbon. The direction oi the radio wavea throngrh the blot-l; si onld then he reversed to olitain the loudestV .soundex 'lhe block lli `honld he olf noncondnctive inateriah or at least a poor conductor to obtain the liest etl'ects.

The sound box arranged to swing on a lorizontal pin if) in the tone arin Il. and it has releasahlvv attached to it one end o l' a coil spring' it). the other end ot which ia attached to a pin 2l in the tone arm. the tension ol' the spring beinp such ass will have the needle It. pre` aeainat' the bloeit iii. ll'hen a record ir; to he played. the springr ifs. detached troni the sonnd box. The spring' can be dispensed with in pla'vina the radio, but not with an loud etl'eets.

n ordinary crystal detector may he inonntcd on the, box l and connected in circuit with a resistanceelementH prei'erahliy indnctive. as an ordine-rfc lar phone fil, the terniinal wire@ 211i and connected fa ot' wl ich er1' to binding; poats; t3 and 3T on the bor; i.

In the bor-1 l niav 'ne niorinted a tnnirrgieh nient, auch aa a tuning coil 2S havingr the Sti itin

llt)

' usual slide contact" `having an operating rod `30 extendingoutside the box 1, F ig.` 1.

For changing'thef direction of the radio waves `through thefblock 13, a simple pole changer is provided consisting ofazn insula. tion block 31.` Figli 5, mounted in ythewall of the box 1, and having therein twoseparated contact tubes 32 and 33"to which are respec tively connected.conductors`34 and 35,'wl1ich respectively connect with the electrode needle 16 and the electrode plate 12. y p

' Adapted to slide inl and conductively engage the tubes 32 and 33are two Contact pins `36 and 37 mounted aninsulation block 38 and respectively connected by conductors 39' and 40withthe`binding posts l26 and 27; By

reversing the pins with respect to thetubes 32 and 33, the directionfof` current through l the block 13 is reversed. `The proper connection with ,the pole changer is determinedby "trial. The ear phone 23 should have high.

vresistance, as shouldtheblock 13sayof one table 4 thousand or more ohms, and the should be connected in multiple,` `with the etector andv ground.

On thebox 1 are binding posts 41 and 42 to which are respectively connected an aerial conductor`43 and aground lconductor 44.

`45is the speedregulating'motor lever, and

46 the stop lever for `engaging the record In Fig. s. the holdeio is' showninounted 'lon the shaft? overthe record table.v The block 13 maybeused in this way'by slowing down the motor. f As the speed required fory the block 13 under theelectrode 16 may be very slow, it is best to remove] the record table #'47 andmount the holderon the shaft 8. `as

shown in Fig. 1.j The speed of revolution need'not be more thantwo or three timesa minute fortheblock 13. Loudvsound waves will be produced at thisspeed, andthe motor will not require frequenttwindingfor play- "ing the radiofmechanism.

In Fig. 10 is shown an ordinary crystal set l `circuit which includesthe'pole changer, electrodes 12 and 16, block 13 and holder 10.l VThe coil 28 is connected as usual with ground by a conductor 48` attached to. the binding; post l 42. `A conductor 49connectsthe slidingcon- 4 tact 29 with the bindingl'post 41.` (A conduc tor 50 connects the binding post"41 with Vthe `detector 22. `binding post 27 wi'ththe binding post 42. A

' conductorv 52 including a phone condenser'53 A conductor `51 connects the mayconnectthebinding posts 26 and27. A conductor 54`vconnects the detector 22 and post 26. i

Radio Waves. passingfromethe aerial conductor 43through the binding post 41, conductor 50. detector-22, conductor, 54, and post `26 will divide,.some1wavespassing through thephone 23 by conducto-rs 24 and'25tothc y ,7653 bindingr post127, and.` othersv passing'QtotheA latter through the conductor 39, pin 36, tube 32,. conductor 34, Contact i6, block 13, plate 12, holder 10, conductor 35, tube 33, pin 3 7 and yconductor 40. From the binding post`27,

the wavespwill pass to ground through the conductors 51 and 44 and post 4 2. v

YIn passing through from the electrode 16 'i to the block 13, or the reverse,` depending on the adjustment ofthepole changer, the radio waves will be converted intosound waves, if

the block 13 is revolved in contact the'v electrode 16, and the sound waves will be amplified inthe usual manner bythe' diaphragin 55 of the'sound box 5, the `tone arm 4, `tubular bracket 3 and horn2.` "Y, j

Toplay a record 4of `,the verticalcut type,v the electrode needle 16 is removed from `the `'lever 17 and a phonograph needle v56,Fig. 2.

substituted therefor. By poistioning the "sound'box as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2,

with the usual head set 57, whichwill serve I.

the function of the inductive electromag net ic resistance element, corresponding in function to the ear phone 23, while thesound producing elements of my invention and the sound 'amplifying means employed will serve asa loud talker for the tube'set. v i From the `above it will'be4 understood that the phonograph shown in Figs'. land 2 is for loperating my improved' radio 4wave con- Y verter, the motor having means for support ingr and revolving a record table andthe electrolytic block holder,V and that thechange from' one operation to the other may be readily A,accomplished by. an unskilled person.

To` operate the radio mechanisrm` it is but `specially equipped forplaving records'and.V i

AIM" y necessary to wind the motor with the usual 1 or Swith the block 13 and plate 12 onthe holder. place the electrode needle 16 inthe lever 17an'd in one of the grooves 18,v connect the spring 20 to the soundboxv4 5, start the motor, thereby revolving theV block 13 against xcrank y58`,`place the holder 10 on the shaft.,7

theneedleelectrode 16,21djust the detector V22 as usual.

and tune in with the `rod 30 and cont-act 429 .1'

In Figs. llcand, 12 illustrated 1 ment of my invention adaptedzto be quickly attached to the `table supporting shaft of phonographs in use for rotating the block 13` and j which has meansV by` which thefelec'tr'ode 16 -may be connected with the sound box lever of the phonograph, whereby the tone arm and horn ofthe latter may7 be used for amplifying thesounds converted from the radiowaves.

' They attachment has astand comprisinga I titl haee of) provided with :feet Gt) haring on their bottominsulation pads;v` of telt or sot't; rubber (5l adapted to resty on the top of the phonograph when the record table ot the latter is ren'ioved. The stand has a standard 6'2 on the hase, having a lateral slot G2, and a vertical hole. intersecting' the. slot, and having!` rotatable in it a sleeve (i3, to which secured and rotatable therewith in the Slot 62 a pinion (il,

which meshes with a gear wheel G5 having: a vertical tubular hub 66 rotatable on a vertical stud (3T extending upwardly from the hase 5f).

The gear (35 hanl an upwardl)7 extending threaded stein GS extending through the electrode plate 12 and the electrolytic block 15h the plate 1Q resting on the gear and the block on said plate. A nut 15 is mounted on the stein (5S and bears on the top of the block 13, the parts bein,Y asemhled and corresponding; to the parte shown in Fig. 1.

For effecting turningr of the sleeve G3 and the pinion Gat, the upper end ol the sleeve has end slots (39 in which is Slidable a pin 70 mounted in a rod '71 looFel)1 fitted in and vertically Slidable in the Sleeve (i3, and having its lower end loosely fitted in a. hole in the upper end of a block ot insulation 72? to which the rod 7l is attached bv a cross pin 73. Fig. 13. The lower end of the block 72 is tijhtlv fitted in the upper end ot a vertical tube `Talwhich is secured to the block 72 by a pin T5. The. lower end oft the tube 7d is prete 'ably slotted so aS to expand and contract. and adapted to fit tightly on and hare. a drivingi connection with the upper end of. the usual record Supportingy Shaft T of the phonograph. rThe base 59 has a hole 7G adapted to receive the shaft 7 and the clutch tube Tl. `The upper end vo'l' the rod 71 has a collar 7T mounted thereoinby which the rod 7l ma)7 be pulled upwardly to dieei'rg'ae'e the tube clutch T4; from the sha't't 7. and also for etl'ectingr connection between the two.

The insulation pads G1 and block 72 insulate the device from the metal top and other parts ,ot the phonograph, when Such parts are conductive.

lVhen the sound box is diSpoSed For playing lateral cut records. as; shown in 11 and l2, the needie electrode 1G is mounted in the lever 1T in an inclined downward position7 and placed with its ball end in either `aroove 1S ot the bloc-l: 13. ln this inclined position ot' the electrode. the drauf ot the block 13 thereon will tend to swingl the lever A1T eso a5 to bodilyv move the diaphragm.

For connecting the needle electrode it in circuit, and :1l-jo to prees it against the bloei; i. it i rcleanabl.v attached toit the upper end'oiz a coil spring* i8, or 'the Spring' may be releaSahlj; engaged with thedever 1T. "lfhe lower end ot the sprint;Vv "G i attached to a i metal plate 79 fastened to the base 59, but insulated from it by insulation 80, Fig. 11. AA

binding post S1 is mounted on the plate T). and a bindingr poet (QL is attached to the base in conductive relation to the metal bar-:e and :eind (3T and the, plate 12.

An ordinaryv car phone "23 may have its terminal wires 24e and 25 respectively connected to the posts S1 and onductors SiS and Si are adapted to respectirel)v connect the binding posts S1 and .Q2 with the phone binding posts of a crystal or tube ret.

ln operating the attachment just derrrihed, the clutch tube T1 beingconnected to the shaft 7 is rotated by the latter, thus turningr the block 13 under the electrode 1G. aa described. The radio detected waves from the receiving: set passing through the block 13 to or troni the electrode 16, will when the block rotated produce sound waves', which will be ampliiied b v the diaphragm7 tone arm and horn ol the phonograph to which the at taclunent is connected. Upon removing the attachment and Substituting therefor a record table and record and a phonograph needle for the electrode 1G, the phonograph can he used to play records.

Another stud (3T, Fig. l1, having the naine. radial distance from the axis` ot the pinion (Si as the other stud (ST, may he used on which to mount the huh (Sti of the gear (i5, when it is desired to shift the hase of' the :stand to avoid an)v projet-thm on the top of the phon graph that might he in the way oi the 'feet of the stand.

The modification shown in Figi. 16 ia adapted for driving,r connection with the record supporting shaft 7 ot phonon-lapin; in use. and is ot similar construction to the at tachnient described, excepting`r the attachment is: provided with a sound bof: i), the lever ofwhich carries; the electrode lt, the sound box being mounted in an amplifying horn 8G pivoted to swing verticali)v and laterally on a standard Si' supported on the base S8 ot' a stand correspondincr to the one al read)T described. The other part v are constructed and operate in the saine manner as described with respect to the other attachment, so iar aS concernev the mea :f ior driving the block trom the, shaft? o l.' the phonograph. A binding poet Si) nionnted on thxl horn SC, it the latter is wood or other nonc nductive material. The pint Si) in connetted by a conductor Slt) to the Sound box which metal, a5 is the lever 1T. A binding poet 91 is attached to the hase of the vtand` and conductora Si! and 5)?, may reapertirel'v connect the posts 5S) and ill with the plannposts ot' a receiving' Set. YWhen the phonograph i: operated to turn the bloei: the sonrnh produced by the needle li? am dori: 123 troni radio ware;-1 will he aniplilied in the horn .t5-t3. A coil s1 ing tilinajc be connected to the Standard Si' and the horn tt l'or prefaiug' 4the electrode 1a airainiat'tlie block 1.1` if desired. i i

lli l t loo llU

The modilication shown in Fig. 17 eliects conversion of radio Waves into sound waves electro-magnetically. A rotary permanent magnet 95, adapted to be turned by a crank 96, and having a disk head as one pole is magnetically related to a lever 9i' having one end of opposite polarity resting against the periphery oi the disk head, the other end of the lever being' attached to a diaphragm 98 of any ordinary sound box. A high resistance winding 99 encircles the lever 97 adjacent to the disk, and has its terniinals conathe drag, so that the diaphragm will retract and'inake a sound. The sound waves produced by the diaphragm ywill correspond to theradio waves which cause them.

It will be noted that in the diii'erent 'forms of my invention shown, the moving relationship between the two sound producing meinbers is etfected by an extraneous force which moves one member which is draggingly re.- lated to the other, as by being in frictional contact therewith. This extraneous or ex- `ternal force in being applied to eiiect the relative movement,V provides a relatively strong power, through the utilization of which loud sounds may be produced by the sound producing members, the radio waves merely controlling such power' so as to produce sounds which correspond with the radio A waves. f

The extraneous force used toy effect the continuous movement of one of the sound producing members relatively to the other for storing energy, may be directly applied manual power, as in Fig. 17, or it may be derived from any suitable motor operated by spring, electric, hydraulic or gravitational means. d p

Vhere the two sound producing members are electrolyticallyrelated, as by one being or containing electrolytical material, the extraneous force is employed to vary this relationship, by continuously moving one with relation to the other, so as to present constantly fresh contacting surfaces, whereby the radio waves may so control the electrolytio relationship as to convert radio Waves into sound waves corresponding thereto.

Itwill be noted that in the dilierent forms of my invention having a diaphragm operated by a lever, that the sound producing or tend to drag 'the lever connected one in a direction at anangle to the diaphragm and the axis of the lever, whereby the lever bodily moves the diaphragm, and, of course, the maximum movement of t-he diaphragm, and the loudest sounds will be produced and amplified, when this angle is a right angle relative to such lever axis.

As shown in Figs. 6 and 15, the needle electrode 16 is bent', has a relatively large contact portion for engaging t-he electrolytic block, and has its other end portion other than circular in cross section, the cross section shown being triangular, whereby when the electrode 1G is mounted in a stylus holder` having a similarly shaped socket, and the sound box 5 is in the lateral cut record playing position, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2 and in Figs. 11 and 12, the spring pressure or gravity which holds the needle Aelectrode 16 in iirm contact with the block 13, will not tend to turn the needle electrode or stylus electrode `in its holder from the inclined position of the electrode shown in Fig. l1.

The bent rorni of the needle electrode 16 enables it to have its ball contact end in substantial alinementwith and between the axis of the stylus lever 17 and the axis of rotation ot' the block 13, whereby the most Vetl'ective dragging action is obtained by the block 3 relative to the electrode 16. The bent form or" the electrode 16 further affords 4in it. a limited spring action, whereby the electrode is held against the block '13, even when violent radio wave conversion is being eii'ected.

ter or unduly wear the block 13, while present-ing a relatively large surface contact for electrolytic action, much greater than would be the case, if the rounded end portion were no greater diameter than a sha-'nk that can enter the stylus socket of an ordinary sound box lever.

By having the electrolytic block 13 provided with electrode guiding means, such as the grooves 18, the electrode 16 is held in one `path of travel against the block 13,

land I have found that this greatly increases the loudness of the sounds which-are radio derived.

The grooves 18 of diierent diameters are provided so that if one groove becomes unduly rough or worn, the electrode 16 may be operated in the other groove, thus extending the period of utility oi' the block. The diliercnt grooves are provided also to enable the electrode to travel in the groove of smaller diameter when the block 13 is mounted on the tast moving shaft 7, or when This enlarged rounded end' of the electrode reduces its liability to chat- Cil the motor can not be slowed down sutlieiently to provide the proper relationship o1 speed between the block and electrode 16.

rl`he shafts 7 and 8, as shown in Fig. 1, are disposed with reference to the axis ot the tone arm i, in positions such that the record playing stylus 5G and the electrode lt shall have their most etl'ective poitions with relation to the record and the block 13 respectively.

li'ith relation to the attachments shown in Figs. lz and 16, one reason for mounting,r the block 13 on the reducing gear having its axis eccentric to the shaft "l", is to provide relatively slow speed ot revolution as compared to the speed ot the record revolvinf,V shaft 7, thus reducing wear between the block and electrode, and also reducing the rubbing sound between them so as to tende' it inaudible at a very short distance. ltnolher object of mounting the block 115 on the gear G5, is that it gives a planetary adjustment ot the block around the shat't 7, by circumi'erentially d justhugv the stand base 5l) around the shaft. i', whereby the needle electrode lt may be mounted in the most ell'ective position on the block 13, when the attachment is mounted on phonographs havingl dilierent lengths ot tone arms, and dit'- terent distances between the axis ot' the tone arm and that ol: the shaft 7.

The torni sli-own in Fig. 1G, which embodies the sound box and horn in the attachment, may be used in cases where it is not practicable or expedient to utilize the amplil'yinf; means ot the phonograph for carrying the needle electrode and amplifying the. sound waves, as is done with the attachment shown in Figs. 11 and 12.

'the cylindrical upper end of the record revolving shalt. 7, Fig. 13, in modern makes ot phonoL phs playing disk records, is subn i-:tantially ot a standard diameter 'or fitting in the holes ot' ditierent makes ot records. This feature in the record shafts makes such cylindrical portions thereot' particularly well adapted for drivin` engagement with the clutch tube 7:1: ot' the two types ot attachments shown, the tubes being slightly resilient adapting themselves readily to shafts i' having' these portions slightly varying in diameters. 'the clutch tube il may be vertically adjustable tor the purpose of adapting the attachment to phonographs in which the record revolving shafts 7 extend ditlerent distances above thel tops of the phonograph cases. and for the engagement and disengagement of the clutch tube 71 with the shalt. T. For the latter purpose, however auch vertical adjustmentI is not essential, as without vertical adjustment olf the tube Tl with relation to the base 59, or ,ma as the caf-:e may be, the base may be .xfled Vtor disengagement of the clutch tube Tl with the shaft T, or forced downwardly to etl'ect such engagement.

lVhile the forms of my invention shown in Figs. 1, 2, 11, 12 and 1G are particularly well adapted for loud speakingr purposes in aslsociation with radio waves rectilied with a contact detector, such as a crystal, or with a single tube detector, they may also be used tor converting,v battery or electroniagnetic telephone currents into loud speaking, and this under conditions which would prevent audible lsounds beine produced were the rectilied radio waves substituted for the telephone currents. This dill'ercnce in opcration is due to the dillerence in ampcrage between telephone currents and radio waves. 'lhe amperage ot the rectified radio waves almost infinitesimal as comparedwith that ot ordinary telephone currents. It is l'ar less than a bolt ot lighting, which, while having tremendous voltage, it is said, has insutlicient amperage to decompose a drop ot' water. The principle involved in the operation of my invention, and also that ot' the well known Edison chalk cylinder and elcctrolytic tape speaking telegraphs, is the decomposition of the electrolyte ot one of the contacting ruhbing sound producing members by the electrical fluid which is passing through it. The greater the amount of decomposition, the greater will be the slip of the metal contact on the eleetrolytic member, and the louder will be the sounds produced. The decomposition ot an electrolyte. is proportionate to the amlierage and independent of the el`ectromotive torce. ot the traversin;T electrical fluid. Ordinary telephone currents have almost, immeasurably greater amperage than radio waves, and, consequently, tar greater electrolyte decomposingl power.

The wet contact surface and broad contact member rubbingthereon. of the well known Edison electro-motograph and chalk cylinder chemical telephone, are well suited to the high ampcrage and low liotential ot ordinary telephone currents. but are wholly unsuitcd for use in connection with radio waves, and when so used, no audible results are obtained.

I discovered that to obtain practical audible results with radio waves of the magnitude obtained with rectification with a crystal or single tube, it was necessary to concentrate the rectiticd waves to a very small contact space, to as near a point as the mechanical conditions or wear would permit` and to present to the rectified wavea at such point of contact a very high electrical resistance, corresponding' to and adapted for the very high potential and minute amperage ot radio waves.

To obtain suoli relatively high contact resistance and concentration, the block 125. as hereinbefore stated, is used quite dry, and the ball of the needle 1G, as best shown in Fig. lf2,

has a shorter radius than the radius of the groove-18 in the electrolytic block 13, thereby providing practically a point contact and amper-age, the requirements, necessitated for loud speaking with crystal rectified radio waves, may be ignored when using telephone currents in connection with two electrolytically related contact members, and the best results are obtained, in the use of telephone currents, with a large contact area and a wet electrolytic member, but with such a construction and conditions audible sounds will not be produced with the use of crystal or similarly detected radio waves. i l

I claim:

l. The method of converting radio waves into sound waves, which includes rectifying the radio waves, causing such rectified waves to pass from one tothe other of two elements, which are maintained in a rubbing relationship by an outer force, and between which there exists a relatively high electrical resistance corresponding to the relatively high potential and adapted for the low amperage of said rectified waves, the characteristics of said elements being such that electric currents of the magnitude of those produced in a radio receiving circuit by a crystal detector or a single tube detector, will serve to vary the frictional relationship between said elements and thereby produce audible signals, and utilizing said varying frictional relationship to produce audible signals.

2. The method of converting radio waves into sound waves, which includes rectifying the radio waves, causing such rectified waves to pass from one to the other of two contacting electrolytically related elements, which are maintained in a rubbing relationship by an outer force and between which there exists a relatively high electrical resistance corresponding to the relatively high potential and adapted for the low amperage of said rectified waves, the characteristics of said elements being such that electric currents of the magnitude of those produced in a radio receiving circuit by a crystal detector or a single tube detector, will serve to vary the frctional relationship between said elements and thereby produce audible signals, and utilizing the resulting varying frictional action between said elements to produce audible signals.

3. In radio apparatus, means for rectifying radio waves, a pair of electrolyticallyrubbingly related elements conductively connected with said rectifying means and having between them a relatively high electrical resistance corresponding to the high potential and adapted dfor the low amperage of said rectified waves, the characteristics of said elements being such that electric currents of the magnitude of those produced in a radio receiving circuit by a crystal detector or `a single tube detector, will serve to vary the frictional relationship between said elements and thereby produce audible signals, and means for utilizing the resulting varying frictonal action'between said elements for producing audible signals.

Ll. In radioapparatus, .means for rectifying radio waves,a pair of`electrolytically rubbingly related elements conductively connected with said rectifying means and having be-l tween them a relatively small Contact relationship and a relatively high electrical resistance corresponding to the high poten-` tial and adapted for the low amperage of said rectified waves, the characteristics of said elements being such that electric currents of the magnitude of those produced in a radio receiving circuit by a crystal detector or a single tube detector, will serve to vary the frictionalrelationship between said elements and thereby produce audible signals, and means for utilizing the resulting varying frictional action between said elements for producing audible signals.

5. In a radio apparatus, a detector, two contacting sound producing elements electrolytically rubbingly related to each other and electrically.connected to the detector, and having between them a' relatively high electrical resistance corresponding to the high potential and adapted for the low amperage of radio waves rectified by said detector, whereby detected radio waves vary the electrolytic action between the elements,means for effecting relative movement between the elements, the characteristics of said elements being such that electric currents of the magnitude of those produced in a radio receiving circuitby a crystal Idetector or a single` tube detector, will serve to vary the frictional relationship between said elements and thereby produce audible signals, and means for utilizing the change in friction between the elements due to the passage therethrough of said detected radio waves for producing an audible signal.

6. In a radio apparatus, a detector, a pair of contacting elements having a rubbing frictional engagement with each other operatively variable by rectified radio waves from said detector between which elements there exists a relatively high electrical resistance tween said elemente. the eherueteristies of said elements beineI lqueh that eleetrie eurrents; of the magnitude of those produeed in :i rudio receiving eireuity b v n. ervstul deteetor e' :i single tube defeeter7 will erve to vitry the fric-tional rehitiouship between ,Quid elements und thereb)Y produee audible Signals, und menne for utilizingr the change i1] frietion und relutire movement between Suid elements ter producing;a an audible Signal.

'i'. ln :i rudio apparatus, :i eontziet detector, :i pair ot eoutuetineY elements having` :i ruhbing trietionul engagement, with each other operatively variable by rectified radio waves irom Suid deteetor between Whit-,h elements there exists e relatively high eleetrieul resistn nee corresponding to the relatively high p0- tentizil und adapted lor the lo v unile-rugtof Suid reetitied vmveS. ineens tor etl`eeting rele.- tire movement; between seid elemente` menne Wherrlny detected rudio waives from the de teetor vurv the 'frietionnl engagement lie tween .Quid elements`r the eluirueteristir;-l of said elemente heine .Queh that eleetrie eur rente ol' the nurlnitude of those produeed in :i rudio reeeivinel eireuit', h v :i ery til deteetor or :i in gle tube deteetor. will serre to vary the frietionul relationship between iid elemente and thereby produee audible signals, :1nd means for utilizingr the change in `frietiou und relative movement' between .Quid elements for producing' :1n audible Signal.

In witness whereof l :illir` mv szifnutur-e.

WA llll D. NOUS-lli. 

